Calories to Kilocalories (cal to kcal)

1 calorie equals 0.001 kilocalories exactly.

1 calorie = 0.001 kilocalories

How to convert calories to kilocalories

To convert calories to kilocalories, multiply the number of calories by 0.001. This factor is exact. To go the other way, multiply kilocalories by 1,000.

kilocalories = calories × 0.001

Example: 10 calories = 0.01 kilocalories.

The 'calorie' on food labels is really a kilocalorie. The thermochemical calorie (4.184 J) is used here unless marked IT.

About these units

Calorie (cal)

ScientificTraditional unit (still used in some regions)

The thermochemical calorie: exactly 4.184 joules, the energy to raise one gram of water by one degree Celsius. Not the same as the food Calorie, which is a kilocalorie.

Latin calor, meaning heat, supplied the name. Nicolas Clement used it in lectures on heat engines between 1819 and 1824, and by 1852 Pierre Favre and Jean Silbermann applied it to the small unit based on a single gram of water warmed by one degree Celsius. Because the specific heat of water varies slightly with temperature, early calories differed from one laboratory to the next. A mean value near 4.1855 J was published for the 15 degree calorie in 1950, with an uncertainty of 0.0005 J.

Chemists settled the matter by definition. The thermochemical calorie is exactly 4.184 J, which is the figure used here, and NIST lists it with that exact value. The calorie is not an SI unit and is regarded as obsolete, since the ninth General Conference on Weights and Measures in 1948 preferred the joule for heat. One thousand of these calories make a kilocalorie, the larger unit used for food, and a slightly larger calorie, the International Table version of 4.1868 J, is used in steam tables.

1 calorie = 4.184 joules (exactly).

Sources: Wikipedia: Calorie; NIST SP 811, Appendix B.8 (energy conversion factors)

Kilocalorie (kcal)

ScientificTraditional unit (still used in some regions)

1,000 thermochemical calories (4,184 J). The 'Calorie' on food labels in North America.

Marcellin Berthelot separated the gram calorie from the kilogram calorie in 1879, and the American chemist Wilbur Atwater adopted a capital-C Calorie for the large unit in 1887 in a widely read article on the energy in food. Joseph Howard Raymond proposed the term kilocalorie in his 1894 textbook. The two names now describe the same quantity, 1,000 small calories, which at the thermochemical value is 4,184 J or 4.184 kJ.

Food labels carry the unit today, though practice differs by region. North American labels use kilocalories almost exclusively, European labels show kilojoules and kilocalories together under EU Regulation 1169/2011, and Chinese labels give kilojoules only. Typical energy contents are about 9 kcal per gram for fat, about 4 for carbohydrate and protein, and about 7 for alcohol. In electrical terms, 4,184 J works out to about 1.162 watt-hours, since one watt-hour is 3,600 J. NIST also lists a kilocalorie based on the International Table calorie, which is 4,186.8 J.

1 kilocalorie = 4,184 joules (exactly).

Sources: Wikipedia: Calorie (includes kilocalorie); NIST SP 811, Appendix B.8 (energy conversion factors)

Related conversions

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