Iugera to Square Yards (iugerum to yd²)

1 iugerum equals 3,017.89048 square yards (rounded).

1 iugerum = 3,017.89048 square yards

How to convert iugera to square yards

To convert iugera to square yards, multiply the number of iugera by 3,017.89048. The factor is rounded to 10 significant digits. To go the other way, multiply square yards by 0.0003313572863 (rounded).

square yards = iugera × 3,017.89048

Example: 10 iugera = 30,178.9048 square yards.

Approximate value. Standards for the iugerum varied by place and period, so this converter uses the most commonly cited value. Treat results as estimates, not exact figures.

About these units

Iugerum (iugerum)

Ancient RomanHistorical unit (no longer in standard use)Approximate value

28,800 square Roman feet, about 2,523 m² (0.62 acre). The area a yoke of oxen could plow in a day.

Plowland gave the iugerum its meaning. Pliny the Elder described it as the ground a single yoke of oxen could work in a day, and the name is generally linked to the Latin iugum, a yoke, though the exact derivation is argued. Columella instead tied it to the idea of joining two actus together.

Its form was a rectangle 240 Roman feet by 120, or 28,800 square feet, which works out to about 71 by 35.5 m. With the usual 296 mm foot that gives roughly 2,523 m2, the figure used here, or close to a quarter of a hectare and 0.62 acre. A slightly different foot would move the total a little, so the figure is approximate.

The Romans built a whole land system on it. Two iugera made a heredium, the plot supposedly granted to each early citizen as heritable property, and 100 heredia made a centuria. Surveyors also split it into uncial fractions, down to the scrupulum of 100 square feet. In Gaul, half an iugerum was the arepennis, which fed into the French arpent.

1 iugerum = 2,523.3408 square meters (approximately).

Sources: Wikipedia: Jugerum; Wikipedia: Roman units of measurement

Square Yard (yd²)

US & ImperialCurrent unit

9 square feet (0.8361 m²). Used for carpet, turf and land in the UK and India (where it is called a gaj).

Branches and rods lie behind this unit. The word yard comes from Old English gerd or gyrd, meaning a staff or measuring rod, and it first appears in the late seventh-century laws of Ine of Wessex, where a yard of land was a tax unit. Where its length came from is uncertain: pacing, the cubit and the arm of King Henry I have all been suggested. A square yard is simply a square of that length on each side.

After the 1959 agreement among six countries fixed the yard at exactly 0.9144 meter, the square yard became exactly 9 square feet, 1,296 square inches or about 0.836 m². It is used across the English-speaking world, notably in the United States, United Kingdom, Canada, India and Pakistan. In northern India it is called a gaj, and in Pakistan a gaz, and house plots there are often quoted in it. In the US and UK the yard, divided into eighths, is also how cloth is bought, so the square yard suits flooring and fabric in the same breath.

1 square yard = 0.83612736 square meters (exactly).

Sources: Wikipedia: Square yard; Wikipedia: Yard; NIST Guide to the SI, Appendix B.8: conversion factors

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