Iugera to Square Miles (iugerum to mi²)
1 iugerum equals 0.0009742673296 square miles (rounded).
How to convert iugera to square miles
To convert iugera to square miles, multiply the number of iugera by 0.0009742673296. The factor is rounded to 10 significant digits. To go the other way, multiply square miles by 1,026.41233 (rounded).
square miles = iugera × 0.0009742673296
Example: 10 iugera = 0.009742673296 square miles.
Approximate value. Standards for the iugerum varied by place and period, so this converter uses the most commonly cited value. Treat results as estimates, not exact figures.
About these units
Iugerum (iugerum)
28,800 square Roman feet, about 2,523 m² (0.62 acre). The area a yoke of oxen could plow in a day.
Plowland gave the iugerum its meaning. Pliny the Elder described it as the ground a single yoke of oxen could work in a day, and the name is generally linked to the Latin iugum, a yoke, though the exact derivation is argued. Columella instead tied it to the idea of joining two actus together.
Its form was a rectangle 240 Roman feet by 120, or 28,800 square feet, which works out to about 71 by 35.5 m. With the usual 296 mm foot that gives roughly 2,523 m2, the figure used here, or close to a quarter of a hectare and 0.62 acre. A slightly different foot would move the total a little, so the figure is approximate.
The Romans built a whole land system on it. Two iugera made a heredium, the plot supposedly granted to each early citizen as heritable property, and 100 heredia made a centuria. Surveyors also split it into uncial fractions, down to the scrupulum of 100 square feet. In Gaul, half an iugerum was the arepennis, which fed into the French arpent.
1 iugerum = 2,523.3408 square meters (approximately).
Sources: Wikipedia: Jugerum; Wikipedia: Roman units of measurement
Square Mile (mi²)
640 acres or about 2.59 km². Used for the area of cities, states and countries in the US and UK.
A thousand Roman paces, mille passus, became the mile, and under Elizabeth I Parliament fixed the statute mile at eight furlongs, or 5,280 feet, in place of the older Roman-based value. The square mile inherits that length. Its most famous use came in the United States: the Land Ordinance of 1785 started the Public Land Survey System so that western land could be surveyed and sold to pay war debts, beginning with the Seven Ranges in eastern Ohio.
In that system a section is roughly one square mile, or 640 acres, and a township is 36 sections in a square six miles on a side. One square mile is nearly 2.59 million square meters. Chicago's Midway International Airport, at about 650 acres, covers roughly 1.02 square miles. Beware the phrase mile square: a region 20 miles square has 400 square miles, but so does a rectangle 10 by 40 miles. The US survey version of the mile was retired from 1 January 2023, but the international square mile remains the unit for cities, states and countries in the US and UK.
1 square mile = 2,589,988.11 square meters (approximately).
Sources: Wikipedia: Square mile; Wikipedia: Public Land Survey System; Wikipedia: Mile
Related conversions
- Square miles to iugera (reverse)
- Iugera to square meters
- Iugera to square kilometers
- Iugera to hectares
- Iugera to square inches
- Iugera to square feet
- Iugera to square yards
- Iugera to acres
- Square meters to square miles
- Square kilometers to square miles
- Hectares to square miles
- Square inches to square miles
- Square feet to square miles
- Square yards to square miles
- Acres to square miles
- Square centimeters to square miles
- Square millimeters to square miles
- Tsubo to square miles
- Pyeong to square miles
- Rai (Thai) to square miles
See all area units.