Months to Prahar (mo to prahar)

1 month equals 243.495 prahar exactly.

1 month = 243.495 prahar

How to convert months to prahar

To convert months to prahar, multiply the number of months by 243.495. This factor is exact. To go the other way, multiply prahar by 0.00410686051 (rounded).

prahar = months × 243.495

Example: 10 months = 2,434.95 prahar.

Months and years are not constant. This site uses the average Gregorian year of 365.2425 days, so one 'year' converts to 365.2425 days, not 365; use 'common year' for exactly 365 days.

About these units

Month (mo)

CalendarCurrent unit

One twelfth of an average Gregorian year: 30.436875 days. Calendar months actually range from 28 to 31 days.

Month and Moon are cognates, and the unit began as the Moon's cycle of phases, about 29.53 days from one new moon to the next. The trouble is that 12 of these fall short of a solar year, so calendars have had to choose. The Islamic calendar stays purely lunar, so its year is about 11 days shorter than the solar year, while the Hebrew calendar is lunisolar, using a 19-year cycle with an extra month. Even the start of a lunar month is still debated between observing the crescent and calculating it.

Gregorian months are a compromise that drifted far from the Moon. Their lengths run from 28 to 31 days, and this site uses their mean of 30.436875 days, one twelfth of the average year. The names also keep Roman history: September to December preserve the Latin numerals for seven to ten, since they were originally the seventh to tenth months, and Quintilis and Sextilis were renamed for Julius Caesar and Augustus. When a contract says month, check whether it means a calendar month or thirty days.

1 month = 2,629,746 seconds (exactly).

Sources: Wikipedia: Month; Wikipedia: Lunar calendar

Prahar (prahar)

Indian subcontinentHistorical unit (no longer in standard use)

Three hours: an eighth of a day. Traditional South Asian watches of the day and night.

Hindi speakers still say dopahar for afternoon, literally two prahars, and Bengali has the related dui-pohor. The Sanskrit prahara divides the day and night into eight watches, four starting at sunrise and four at sunset. In the standard model each lasts about three hours, though traditionally the length followed the real sunrise and sunset, so day watches were longer in summer and night watches longer in winter.

A nineteenth-century note cited by Wikipedia puts northern India's day prahars at roughly 3.5 hours near the summer solstice and 2.5 hours in winter. The figure used here is the fixed three-hour watch. Four prahars correspond to fifteen muhurtas, but the two systems agree only at sunrise and sunset, since a muhurta is a fixed 48 minutes.

Prahars matter in Indian classical music, where each raga is prescribed for a particular watch. The link between raga and time is already in Narada's Sangita Makaranda, dated between the 7th and 11th centuries, and Wikipedia argues the idea is older than Bhatkhande, who died in 1936.

1 prahar = 10,800 seconds (exactly).

Sources: Wikipedia: Prahara; Wikipedia: Hindu units of time

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