Gigapascals to Standard Atmospheres (GPa to atm)
1 gigapascal equals 9,869.232667 standard atmospheres (rounded).
How to convert gigapascals to standard atmospheres
To convert gigapascals to standard atmospheres, multiply the number of gigapascals by 9,869.232667. The factor is rounded to 10 significant digits. To go the other way, multiply standard atmospheres by 0.000101325.
standard atmospheres = gigapascals × 9,869.232667
Example: 10 gigapascals = 98,692.32667 standard atmospheres.
About these units
Gigapascal (GPa)
One billion pascals. Used for the stiffness (Young's modulus) of materials; steel is about 200 GPa.
Blaise Pascal's name was attached to the SI unit of pressure in 1971, when the 14th General Conference on Weights and Measures adopted it for one newton per square metre. A gigapascal is a billion of them, 10^9 Pa, which is a size that makes sense only for solid materials and deep-Earth conditions, not for weather or tyres.
Materials scientists quote stiffness in it. Wikipedia's table of Young's modulus lists structural steel at about 200 GPa and diamond at 1,220 GPa, while geophysicists use gigapascals for tectonic stresses and pressures inside the planet. Atmospheric pressure of about 101,325 Pa is therefore about 0.0001 GPa, and one gigapascal is roughly 145,000 psi or 145 ksi. A gigapascal also equals one thousand megapascals, the unit in which concrete and steel strengths are usually written.
1 gigapascal = 1,000,000,000 pascals (exactly).
Sources: Wikipedia: Pascal (unit); Wikipedia: Pounds per square inch
Standard Atmosphere (atm)
Exactly 101,325 pascals, the average pressure of the atmosphere at sea level.
A column of mercury about 76 cm tall was Torricelli's measure of the air, and the standard atmosphere began as exactly that: the pressure of 760 mm of mercury at 0 degrees Celsius under standard gravity. It was used as a reference for physical and chemical properties, and the Celsius scale set 100 degrees as the boiling point of water at that pressure.
In 1954 the 10th CGPM confirmed the standard atmosphere as exactly 1,013,250 dynes per square centimeter, which is 101,325 pascals, a definition that no longer depends on the properties of any substance.
In practice one atmosphere is about 1.01325 bar, 760 mmHg, 14.696 psi or 29.92 inHg, and roughly the pressure of 10.33 meters of water. Chemistry splits on it: until 1982 standard temperature and pressure used 1 atm, but that year IUPAC recommended a standard pressure of exactly 100 kPa instead.
1 standard atmosphere = 101,325 pascals (exactly).
Sources: Wikipedia: Standard atmosphere (unit); Wikipedia: Atmospheric pressure; Wikipedia: Evangelista Torricelli
Related conversions
- Standard atmospheres to gigapascals (reverse)
- Gigapascals to pascals
- Gigapascals to kilopascals
- Gigapascals to bars
- Gigapascals to PSI
- Pascals to standard atmospheres
- Kilopascals to standard atmospheres
- Bars to standard atmospheres
- PSI to standard atmospheres
- Hectopascals to standard atmospheres
- Megapascals to standard atmospheres
- Millibars to standard atmospheres
- Torr to standard atmospheres
- Millimeters of mercury to standard atmospheres
- Inches of mercury to standard atmospheres
- Kilopounds per square inch to standard atmospheres
- Millimeters of water to standard atmospheres
See all pressure units.