British Thermal Units to Foot-pounds (BTU to ft⋅lbf)

1 British thermal unit equals 778.1692623 foot-pounds (rounded).

1 British thermal unit = 778.1692623 foot-pounds

How to convert British thermal units to foot-pounds

To convert British thermal units to foot-pounds, multiply the number of British thermal units by 778.1692623. The factor is rounded to 10 significant digits. To go the other way, multiply foot-pounds by 0.001285067463 (rounded).

foot-pounds = British thermal units × 778.1692623

Example: 10 British thermal units = 7,781.692623 foot-pounds.

The 'calorie' on food labels is really a kilocalorie. The thermochemical calorie (4.184 J) is used here unless marked IT.

About these units

British Thermal Unit (BTU)

US & ImperialCurrent unit

The International Table BTU, exactly 1,055.05585262 joules. The energy to heat one pound of water by one degree Fahrenheit; used for heating, cooling and gas appliances in the US.

Few energy units come in as many versions as the British thermal unit. It was defined as the heat needed to raise one pound of liquid water by one degree Fahrenheit, but because water's heat capacity shifts slightly with temperature, definitions differ by up to 0.5 percent: about 1,054.35 J for the thermochemical Btu, 1,054.80 J at 59 degrees Fahrenheit (used for American natural gas pricing), 1,054.68 J at 60 degrees (mainly Canadian), and 1,059.67 J at 39 degrees. A 1942 note suggests the term apparently arose in the United States and was later adopted in Britain.

The version on this site is the International Table Btu, about 1,055.06 J, which comes from the international steam table conferences that tied heat units to the joule. Joule's own 1850 experiments gave 772.692 foot-pounds of work per Btu, the number that first linked heat to mechanical effort.

Today the Btu survives in natural gas pricing (MMBtu means a million Btu), US building energy reporting, and equipment ratings in Btu per hour. One ton of air-conditioning is 12,000 Btu/h, or 3.52 kW. A single wooden kitchen match burning releases about one Btu.

1 British thermal unit = 1,055.055853 joules (approximately).

Sources: Wikipedia: British thermal unit; Wikipedia: James Prescott Joule

Foot-pound (ft⋅lbf)

US & ImperialCurrent unit

The work done by a force of one pound-force over one foot: about 1.35582 joules. Used for torque and energy in US engineering and ballistics.

Foot-pound hides a trap: the same words name two different things. As energy, a foot-pound is what a force of one pound-force transfers when it acts through a distance of one foot, about 1.355818 J. As torque, usually called the pound-foot, it is dimensionally the same but physically distinct, since energy is a scalar and torque is a vector, which is why careful writers specify foot-pound of energy or of torque.

The unit is tied to the early history of energy. In 1850 James Prescott Joule published a refined value of 772.692 foot-pounds of work per British thermal unit, which was the key figure in his demonstration that work converts to heat at a fixed rate. The same system defines the mechanical horsepower as 550 foot-pounds per second.

Today American ballistics is the best-known user. Muzzle energy of a bullet is commonly stated in foot-pounds, and a figure of about 7 kJ for an elephant gun, which is roughly 5,200 foot-pounds, shows the typical range for large rifle cartridges.

1 foot-pound = 1.355817948 joules (approximately).

Sources: Wikipedia: Foot-pound (energy); Wikipedia: James Prescott Joule; Wikipedia: Orders of magnitude (energy)

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